1.不定式作定语

(1)不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。

She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.

(2)如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系，在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词。

Let’s first find a room to live in / put the things in.

We have nothing to worry about. (= There is nothing for us to worry about.)

2. -ing分词作定语

(1)-ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行，否则，要用从句作定语。

Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher?

Did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this desk yesterday?

The man shaking ( = who is now shaking ) hands with Mr. Li visited our class yesterday.

(2)单个的-ing分词作定语一般前置，说明名词的性质、特征或用途等，-ing短语作定语一般后置;强调动作的单个-ing分词也常后置。例：

a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping)

a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping)

the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there )

The girl singing is my classmate.

3. -ed分词作定语

-ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成的动作，-ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作，-ing分词的被动式则表示一个正在被进行的动作。例：

a developed/developing country

He is a student loved by all the teachers.

The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school.

【典型例题】

When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _____ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”

A. read B.reads C. to read D. reading

【答案】D。解析：考查非谓语动词。句意是：当我回家的时候我看到门上别着一个信息，写道“很遗憾没有见到你，晚些时候会打电话给你”。reading与pinned to the door一样做message的后置定语，相当于which read，pinned和reading的逻辑主语都是message，它与pin是被动关系，用-ed形式，与read是主动关系，用-ing形式。故选D。